{"id":11565,"date":"2015-04-10T15:05:47","date_gmt":"2015-04-10T13:05:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/?p=11565"},"modified":"2015-05-05T20:13:34","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T18:13:34","slug":"vo-vortechu-pre-kompresor-cast-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/11565\/vo-vortechu-pre-kompresor-cast-i","title":{"rendered":"Vo Vortechu pre kompresor – \u010das\u0165 I."},"content":{"rendered":"

Technol\u00f3gie automobilovej r\u00ed\u0161e dosahuj\u00fa dnes u\u017e svoje hranice a mnohokr\u00e1t sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa pos\u00favaj\u00fa u\u017e iba miernymi kr\u00f4\u010dikmi dopredu, no pos\u00favaj\u00fa sa. Druh\u00e1 vec je, \u017ee ke\u010f sledujete s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee, je v\u00e1m jasn\u00e9 o s\u00e9riovo vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdch automobiloch jedno: s\u00fa sto rokov za s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Motory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dnes u\u017e iba turbod\u00fachadl\u00e1<\/a>, norm\u00e1lny atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd motor n\u00e1jdete m\u00e1lokde a m\u00e1lo v \u010dom. Existuje ale e\u0161te jeden typ prep\u013a\u0148ania motorov. V Eur\u00f3pe nie je a\u017e tak zn\u00e1my, ale pou\u017e\u00edva ho aj tak\u00fd Mercedes. S\u00fa to kompresory. Nie kompresory na f\u00fakanie pneumat\u00edk. Tieto kompresory s\u00fa poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 motorom samotn\u00fdm, umiestnen\u00e9 s\u00fa nad hlavou motora a vn\u00fatri maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy vrtul\u00ed\/turb\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 vh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa do motora vzduch pod tlakom. Rozdiel vo\u010di turbod\u00fachadlu je z\u00e1kladn\u00fd: na svoje rozto\u010denie nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa turb\u00ednku poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fa v\u00fdfukov\u00fdmi spalinami.<\/p>\n

Kompresor ako aj turbo<\/a> d\u00e1vaj\u00fa motoru ak\u00e9si umel\u00e9 d\u00fdchanie a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa mu zlo\u017eit\u00fdmi procesmi v\u00fdkon. V\u00fdhodou kompresorov vo\u010di turb\u00e1m<\/a> je, \u017ee tla\u010dia vzduch u\u017e od spodn\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dok motora a nie a\u017e od nejakej hranice. Turbod\u00fachadla dok\u00e1\u017eu zase vyvin\u00fa\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlak a tak aj v\u00fdkon. Vortech je americk\u00e1 firma zaoberaj\u00faca sa kompresormi. Tento kr\u00e1t si pozreli poriadne aj eur\u00f3pske technol\u00f3gie a rozhodli sa na p\u00e1r noc\u00ed str\u010di\u0165 ved\u013ea seba do jednej \u0161katule aj turbod\u00fachadlo, aj kompresor. L\u00e1ska urobila svoje, a z krabice bolo po\u010du\u0165 pi\u0161\u0165a\u0165 mal\u00fd turbokompresor ?<\/p>\n

\"scroll<\/a>

Kompresor Vortechu m\u00e1 n\u00e1padn\u00fd tvar turbod\u00fachadla. Je to typ dif\u00fazora zvy\u0161uj\u00faci tlak vzduchu.<\/p><\/div>\n

Pre\u010do ot\u00e1znik? Vonkaj\u0161\u00ed obal ako slima\u010dia ulita napoved\u00e1, \u017ee je to turbo. Tvar turb\u00edny napoved\u00e1, \u017ee je to turbo. Ale ani ch\u00fdru, ani slychu po turb\u00ednke pre v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 splodiny. Jednu ve\u013ek\u00fa turb\u00ednu rozt\u00e1\u010da iba hrub\u00e1 sila motora, tak ako v kompresore.<\/p>\n

Hist\u00e9ria (alebo hist\u00f3ria?)<\/h3>\n

Kompresory vznikli na z\u00e1klade Eulerovej rovnice turbozariadenia z 18. storo\u010dia: pr\u00e1ca odovzdan\u00e1 tekutine (\u010di\u017ee aj vzduchu) rotorom je spojen\u00e1 so zmenou uhlov\u00e9ho momentu tekutiny. Kompresor, svojou kon\u0161trukciou, zv\u00fd\u0161i hustotu vzduchu na vstupe do motora.<\/p>\n

\"testing<\/a>

Sk\u00fa\u0161anie kompresora pod\u013ea SAE J1723.<\/p><\/div>\n

V preklade to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ako pr\u00fadi vzduch (tekutina) kompresorom, vykon\u00e1va pr\u00e1cu pri tom, ako sa men\u00ed smer vzduchu vplyvom dr\u00e1hy kompresora. Rotor (turb\u00edna) mus\u00ed by\u0165 vyroben\u00fd tak, aby vytv\u00e1ral \u010do najmen\u0161iu turbulenciu no pri najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed prietoku v tej istej chv\u00edli.<\/p>\n

\"testing<\/a>

Rotor (turb\u00ednka) je rozt\u00e1\u010dan\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lnym motorom. Na rotor s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 r\u00f4zne meracie \u010didl\u00e1, ktor\u00fdmi sa kontroluje tlak, prietok vzduchu, r\u00fdchlos\u0165, at\u010f.<\/p><\/div>\n

Vzduch je strh\u00e1van\u00fd na vstupe (san\u00ed) kompresora a stl\u00e1\u010dan\u00fd rotorom. Vzduch pri opusten\u00ed rotora m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165, ale n\u00edzky tlak. Preto je za rotorom vlo\u017een\u00fd dif\u00fazor (rozdelova\u010d\/usmer\u0148ova\u010d vzduchu), ktor\u00fd vzduch spomal\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161i mu tlak. Takto “natlakovan\u00fd” vzduch vstupuje do spa\u013eovac\u00edch kom\u00f4r motora, kde sa zmie\u0161a s palivom a vznik\u00e1 z\u00e1paln\u00e1 zmes. Zmes je z\u00e1palnej\u0161ia t\u00fdm viac, \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed tlak dok\u00e1\u017ee kompresor (ale aj turbo) vytvori\u0165, preto\u017ee ke\u010f je nie\u010do natlakovan\u00e9, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee stra\u0161ne ve\u013ea molek\u00fal je ved\u013ea seba v malom objeme. V tomto pr\u00edpade hovor\u00edme o molekul\u00e1ch kysl\u00edka, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza vo vzduchu a ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm prvkom pri horen\u00ed \u010dohoko\u013evek. Tak\u017ee ve\u013emi jednoducho a laicky povedan\u00e9 v pr\u00edklade: pri atmosf\u00e9rickom motore si motor potiahne vzduch s povedzme 100.000 molekulami kysl\u00edka a to zmie\u0161a s benz\u00ednom a cel\u00e1 t\u00e1to zmes sa zap\u00e1li a vybuchne. Ale pri prep\u013a\u0148anom motore je vzduch nasilu natla\u010den\u00fd do motora povedzme u\u017e s 350.000 molekulami kysl\u00edka, na ten ist\u00fd objem! Tak\u017ee v\u00fdbuch zmesy bude o to kolos\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed.
\nPrirodzene je ale potrebn\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161iemu objemu kysl\u00edka prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj objem paliva.<\/p>\n

Vortech pou\u017e\u00edva ako dif\u00fazor paraleln\u00fa stenu, kombinovan\u00fa so slim\u00e1kov\u00fdm obalom pre optimalizovan\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Tok vzduchu mus\u00ed by\u0165 veden\u00fd dif\u00fazorom tak, aby \u010do najviac zv\u00fd\u0161il tlak vzduch, ale aby kl\u00e1dol najmen\u0161\u00ed odpor toku vzduchu (nako\u013eko by sa tr\u00e1pil kompresor a s n\u00edm aj motor). Dif\u00fazor mus\u00ed by\u0165 teda vhodne tvarovan\u00fd ku rotoru.<\/p>\n

Je za t\u00fdm kopa fyziky, matematiky, modelovania, sk\u00fa\u0161ania a pod. Viac o v\u00fdrobe ale v druhej \u010dasti tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Autor: Vladislav Baniari; Zdroj+foto: lsxtv.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Technol\u00f3gie automobilovej r\u00ed\u0161e dosahuj\u00fa dnes u\u017e svoje hranice a mnohokr\u00e1t sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa pos\u00favaj\u00fa u\u017e iba miernymi kr\u00f4\u010dikmi dopredu, no pos\u00favaj\u00fa sa. Druh\u00e1 vec je, \u017ee ke\u010f sledujete s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee, je v\u00e1m jasn\u00e9 o s\u00e9riovo vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdch automobiloch jedno: s\u00fa sto rokov za s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00fdmi. Motory vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dnes u\u017e iba turbod\u00fachadl\u00e1, norm\u00e1lny atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd motor n\u00e1jdete m\u00e1lokde a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[900,1225,1228,1227,1229,1230,1231,29,1226,1224],"class_list":["post-11565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dokumentarne","tag-historia","tag-kompresor","tag-kyslik","tag-molekuly","tag-oxygen","tag-rotor","tag-stator","tag-turbo","tag-turboduchadlo","tag-vortech"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"de","enabled_languages":["sk","en","de"],"languages":{"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11565"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12265,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11565\/revisions\/12265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}