{"id":11802,"date":"2015-04-04T17:40:44","date_gmt":"2015-04-04T15:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/?p=11802"},"modified":"2015-04-04T17:40:44","modified_gmt":"2015-04-04T15:40:44","slug":"fukaj-fukaj-turboduchadlo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/11802\/fukaj-fukaj-turboduchadlo","title":{"rendered":"F\u00fakaj, f\u00fakaj turbod\u00fachadlo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V dne\u0161nom svete po\u010dujeme zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n iba: &#8220;pon\u00fakame v\u00e1m n\u00e1\u0161 model auta s jedine\u010dn\u00fdm motorom s turbod\u00fachadlom s n\u00edzkou spotrebou a bla, bla, bla.&#8221; Ale pre\u010do by mala by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ia spotreba v\u010faka turbu? A v\u00f4bec, ako funguje turbo?<!--more-->Vysvetli\u0165 fuknciu turbod\u00fachadla je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, sk\u00fa\u0161al som to u\u017e mnohokr\u00e1t, ale \u013eudia si to jednoducho nevedia predstavi\u0165. Za po\u010d\u00favanie v\u00fdkladu maj\u00fa jednotku, za porozumenie maj\u00fa p\u00e4\u0165ku. Firma MAHLE ale vytvorila jednoduch\u00fa anim\u00e1ciu, ako tak\u00e9 turbo funguje a preto je na \u010dase vytvori\u0165 o funkcii \u010dl\u00e1nok.<\/p>\n<h3>Pre\u010do chcem turbo?<\/h3>\n<p>Jestvuj\u00fa motory atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 a potom tzv. prep\u013a\u0148an\u00e9 motory. Prep\u013a\u0148an\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 turbod\u00fachadlom, alebo kompresorom, alebo ich kombin\u00e1ciou. Ku kopresoru sa dostaneme v inom \u010dl\u00e1nku. Turbod\u00fachadlo m\u00e1 rovnak\u00fa funkciu ako kompresor. Prilepte ich na atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd motor a zrazu m\u00e1te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon a vo v\u0161eobecnosti ni\u017e\u0161iu spotrebu paliva. &#8211; Iba tak?<br \/>\nNo nie, je za t\u00fdm ve\u013ea vedy a techniky. K\u00fdm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd motor si nas\u00e1va vzduch s\u00e1m a potom ho zmie\u0161ava s benz\u00ednom\/naftou, tak prep\u013a\u0148an\u00fdm motorom je vzduch nasilu tla\u010den\u00fd. Motor tak dost\u00e1va v r\u00e1mci toho ist\u00e9ho objemu vzduchu ove\u013ea viac molek\u00fal kysl\u00edka, preto\u017ee vzduch je natlakovan\u00fd. Zmes je v\u010faka kysl\u00edku v\u00fdbu\u0161nej\u0161ia, motor reaguje dynamickej\u0161ie na pridanie plynu, nepotrebuje to\u013eko paliva, ma v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, v\u0161etci s\u00fa \u0161\u0165astnej\u0161\u00ed a predsa sa n\u00e1jdu \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed chc\u00fa atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd motor, pre\u010do?<\/p>\n<h3>Pre\u010do nechcem turbo?<\/h3>\n<p>Turbo napriek v\u0161etk\u00fdm vymenovan\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m je s\u00fa\u010diastka v aute navy\u0161e. Dnes treba ku turbu u\u017e kopu elektroniky, riadiacu jednotku, \u010falej je potrebn\u00e9 chladenie a mazanie turb\u00edny v turbe a to s\u00fa v\u0161etko veci, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu pokazi\u0165, ve\u010f ne\u010dudo, ke\u010f sa tak\u00e1 pr\u0165av\u00e1 mal\u00e1 turb\u00ednka v turbod\u00fachadle oto\u010d\u00ed za min\u00fatu asi tak 100.000 kr\u00e1t. V\u00fdsledkom je oprava za pribli\u017ene 1.000 a\u017e 5.000 EUR.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Celkovo spravila 6.000.000 ot\u00e1\u010dok, je rozp\u00e1len\u00e1 ako prasa na grile a zrazu fuk a v priebehu sekundy sa zastavila&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Ako funguje?<\/h3>\n<p>Turbod\u00fachadla ma dve mal\u00e9 turb\u00ednky\/rotory ulo\u017een\u00e9 v obale\/statore, ktor\u00fd ma tvar slima\u010dej ulity. Jedna mal\u00e1 turb\u00edna je ur\u010den\u00e1 pre tla\u010denie vzduchu do motora, druh\u00e1 mal\u00e1 turb\u00edna je ur\u010den\u00e1 pre pohon prvej turb\u00edny. Tieto turb\u00edny s\u00fa spolu prepojen\u00e9. Pri be\u017eiacom motore pr\u00fadi potrub\u00edm vzduch do motora a z motora pr\u00fadia zase spaliny. Ke\u010f motoru dostato\u010dne prid\u00e1te, tak sa v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 potrubie zapln\u00ed t\u00fdmito spalinami a za\u010dn\u00fa nar\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 do v\u00fdfukovej turb\u00edny. T\u00e1 je ulo\u017een\u00e1 oto\u010dne a tak sa za\u010dne chtiac-nechtiac to\u010di\u0165, aby uvo\u013enila cestu splodin\u00e1m. T\u00fdm, \u017ee sa rozto\u010d\u00ed, rozto\u010d\u00ed sa aj turb\u00edna na san\u00ed a t\u00e1 za\u010dne vzduch nas\u00e1va\u0165 a vh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 ho do motora. Takto vh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fd vzduch m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165, ale mal\u00fd tlak. Aby motor be\u017eal spr\u00e1vne, treba tlak zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165, ale to si vysvetl\u00edme a\u017e po videu.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7ipWTqBqENg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ako vid\u00edte v prv\u00fdch sekund\u00e1ch, vzduch iba pr\u00fadi potrub\u00edm do motora (modr\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky). Z motora pr\u00fadia spaliny a smeruj\u00fa do v\u00fdfuku (\u010derven\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky). Spaliny rozt\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa turb\u00ednu a s \u0148ou sa za\u010dne to\u010di\u0165 aj sacia turb\u00edna a ur\u00fdchli tok vzduch (fialov\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky). Prietok vzduchu je r\u00fdchly, ale my ho potrebujeme natlakovan\u00fd a pomal\u00fd. Preto je do s\u00fastavy vlo\u017een\u00fd tzv. intercooler, \u010do je medzichladi\u010d nasat\u00e9ho vzduchu. Toti\u017eto motor by mal nas\u00e1va\u0165 studen\u00fd vzduch, aby spr\u00e1vne pracoval, ale to je teraz nepodstatn\u00e9. V s\u00fastave je vlo\u017een\u00fd aj dif\u00fazor, ktor\u00fd brzd\u00ed vzduch a za\u010dne ho &#8220;kopi\u0165&#8221;. &#8220;Kop\u00ed&#8221; sa st\u00e1le viac, a\u017e vznik\u00e1 v potrub\u00ed tlak a takto natlakovan\u00fd vzduch je u\u017e t\u00fdm spr\u00e1vnym orechov\u00fdm pre motor, ako bolo vysvetlen\u00e9 u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161ie. Vo videu je pre jednoduchos\u0165 zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9, \u017ee intercooler je aj dif\u00fazorom. Za intercoolerom sa za\u010dne vzduch hromadi\u0165 a men\u00ed farbu na modr\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f je vzduch v potrub\u00ed pr\u00edli\u0161 natlakovan\u00fd, alebo ke\u010f jednoducho uberiete plyn motoru, turbo sa st\u00e1le to\u010d\u00ed a \u017eenie vzduch do motora, ale ten nem\u00e1 kam \u00eds\u0165. Pre tento pr\u00edpad je vytvoren\u00fd tzv. prepad. Vzduch sa nasmeruje do bo\u010dn\u00e9ho vedenia, ktor\u00e9 kon\u010d\u00ed prepadov\u00fdm ventilom, ten sa vplyvom tlaku vzduchu zatla\u010d\u00ed a otvor\u00ed tak sekund\u00e1rne potrubie v\u00fdfukov\u00fdm splodin\u00e1m. V\u00fdfukov\u00e9 splodiny m\u00f4\u017eu a aj unikaj\u00fa cestou men\u0161ieho odporu, t.j. vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa sa turb\u00edne. V\u00fdfukov\u00e1 turb\u00edna nie je dostato\u010dne hnan\u00e1 a tak sa zastav\u00ed a s \u0148ou aj turb\u00edna na san\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1m turbodieru. Ako ju zapl\u00e1tam?<\/h3>\n<p>Turbodiera je to, ke\u010f prid\u00e1vate, prid\u00e1vate a ni\u010d sa nedeje. Motor je leniv\u00fd, nechce sa mu do ot\u00e1\u010dok, a\u017e zrazu, c\u00edtite &#8220;kopanec&#8221; a motor je \u017eiv\u00fd a pohotovo reaguje na reakcie vodi\u010da. Diera vznik\u00e1 v n\u00edzkych ot\u00e1\u010dkach, preto\u017ee motor e\u0161te nevyprodukoval to\u013eko spal\u00edn, aby rozto\u010dili v\u00fdfukov\u00fa turb\u00ednu a t\u00e1 rozto\u010dila turbo na san\u00ed. Motor tak nedost\u00e1va dostatok vzduchu, na ak\u00fd bol stavan\u00fd.<br \/>\nZapl\u00e1ta\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eete v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm turbom, popr\u00edpade dvoma turbami, kde bude jedno men\u0161ie a bude tla\u010di\u0165 vzduch v n\u00edzkych ot\u00e1\u010dkach a potom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie bude tla\u010di\u0165 vzduch vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1\u010dkach. Alebo skombinujete kompresor s turbom a op\u00e4\u0165 bude kompresor sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 pri n\u00edzkych ot\u00e1\u010dkach a turbo pri vysok\u00fdch.<br \/>\nAlebo siahnete po technol\u00f3gii BMW a ich TwinPower Turbo, kde s\u00fa v jednom obale\/statore ulo\u017een\u00e9 dve turb\u00edny. Mal\u00e1 pre n\u00edzke ot\u00e1\u010dky, ve\u013ek\u00e1 pre vy\u0161\u0161ie ot\u00e1\u010dky.<br \/>\nMercedes vyu\u017e\u00edva sacie potrubie s prierezom dvakr\u00e1t tak ve\u013ek\u00fdm ako in\u00e9 zna\u010dky a t\u00fdmto potrub\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee prejs\u0165 omnoho v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo nas\u00e1van\u00e9ho vzduchu. Ke\u010f sa zopne turbo, potrubie pri\u0161krt\u00ed \u0161krtiaca klapka a turbo nas\u00e1va ako cez prierez be\u017en\u00e9ho potrubia.<br \/>\nVolvo sa vyhlo podobn\u00fdm rie\u0161eniam a pou\u017e\u00edva variabiln\u00e9 klapky na turbe. Klapky s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 na obvode statora\/obale turba. Nakl\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa sa tak, aby smerovali aj mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch splod\u00edn na lopatky v\u00fdfukovej turb\u00edny a preto je turbo st\u00e1le v pohybe, to\u010d\u00ed sa a tla\u010d\u00ed do motora vzduch pod tlakom.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gTlCGjs3i-4#t=32\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Tieto technol\u00f3gie s\u00fa ale v\u00fdsadou a\u017e modernej doby a turbod\u00fachadl\u00e1 s\u00fa najprogres\u00edvnej\u0161ie s\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed motorov.<\/p>\n<h3>Nechcem plati\u0165 za opravu. Ako udr\u017e\u00edm turbo pri \u017eivote?<\/h3>\n<p>Nie je to iba o turbe, treba sa stara\u0165 o v\u0161etko, meni\u0165 olej, filtre, kontrolova\u0165 chladi\u010de a \u010eal\u0161ie \u010dinnosti ktor\u00e9 v\u00fdrobca odpor\u00fa\u010da. Ak m\u00e1te intercooler, mal by by\u0165 v\u017edy \u010dist\u00fd, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ke\u010f na san\u00ed intercooleru m\u00e1te opadan\u00e9 listy stromov, nenech\u00e1te ich tam.<br \/>\nNevyt\u00e1\u010date motor ke\u010f je studen\u00fd, preto\u017ee olej za studena nie je tak visk\u00f3zny (te\u010die asi ako scukornaten\u00fd med) a nevbehne ihne\u010f na miesta kde ho treba, napr. aj na osku turba. Ale vy napriek tomu motor vyto\u010d\u00edte do 5.000ot\/min, te\u0161\u00edte sa ako turbo tla\u010d\u00ed vzduch pod obrovsk\u00fdm tlakom a zrazu puk. A oska je zadret\u00e1.<br \/>\nNevyp\u00ednate a ne\u0161tartujete turbomotor tak, \u017ee prejdete do obchodu o 5 domov ni\u017e\u0161ie a to je koniec va\u0161ej trasy. Turbo sa rozbehlo a ihne\u010f zastavilo. Olej sa nezohrial, ani ho nestihlo natla\u010di\u0165 na v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 miesta a u\u017e \u010du\u010d\u00ed na parkovisku. Nehovoriac o \u0161tart\u00e9re, o baterke, o \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed.<br \/>\nNevyp\u00ednate motor hne\u010f po tom \u010do ste s n\u00edm boli na dlhej trase a \u0161li ste na p\u00e1r tis\u00edc ot\u00e1\u010dok motora. Ni\u010d\u00ed to aj samotn\u00fd motor, ale turbo je op\u00e4\u0165 najcitlivej\u0161ie. Vypnut\u00edm motora vypnete aj chladi\u010d turba a aj pr\u00edvod maziva na osku turba. Tak\u017ee turb\u00ednka si to\u010dila 100.000ot\/min a to asi tak 60 min\u00fat na va\u0161ej trase. Celkovo spravila 6.000.000 ot\u00e1\u010dok, je rozp\u00e1len\u00e1 ako prasa na grile a zrazu fuk a v priebehu sekundy sa zastavila na nulu. Vydr\u017e\u00ed to raz, dva kr\u00e1t, ale na tret\u00ed si povie: &#8220;no ja tak\u00e9muto majite\u013eovi sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 nebudem!&#8221; A tak sa aj stane ak nenech\u00e1te nejak\u00fa t\u00fa min\u00fatku be\u017ea\u0165 auto na vo\u013enobeh a a\u017e potom ho vypnete.<br \/>\nMnoh\u00ed sa ma p\u00fdtaj\u00fa ako dlho by mali necha\u0165 motor be\u017ea\u0165, k\u00fdm sa dochlad\u00ed, doma\u017ee. Moja odpove\u010f je v\u017edy rovnak\u00e1: neviem. Ak ste \u0161li trasu 7 hod\u00edn, samozrejme nech\u00e1te motor be\u017ea\u0165 dlh\u0161ie ako ke\u010f idete 15 min\u00fat. A ke\u010f m\u00e1te motor, ktor\u00fd ste dr\u017eali v 4.000 ot\u00e1\u010dkach, je to in\u00e9 ako ke\u010f ho dr\u017e\u00edte na hranici 2.000ot\/min.<br \/>\n\u010castou chybou je dokonca aj zostarnutie plastovej\/gumenej pr\u00edvodnej r\u00fary\/hadice od turba do sania motora. Tak\u00e9to materi\u00e1lu popraskaj\u00fa a turbo sa sna\u017e\u00ed vytvori\u0165 tlak v potrub\u00ed, no nedar\u00ed sa mu to, preto\u017ee vzduch unik\u00e1 cez praskliny na hadici.<\/p>\n<p>Ak sa v\u00e1m ale u\u017e podarilo turbo zadrie\u0165, alebo m\u00e1te popraskan\u00fa hadicu na san\u00ed, alebo motor prestal maza\u0165, nav\u0161t\u00edvte servis, kde v\u00e1m poradia ako dan\u00fa chybu odstr\u00e1ni\u0165. Popr\u00edpade ak m\u00e1te turbo po smrti, pi\u0161t\u00ed a \u0161krieka a motor nem\u00e1 v\u00fdkon a vy nem\u00e1te chu\u0165 z nejak\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu vr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 peniaze do nov\u00e9ho turbod\u00fachadla, existuje tzv. &#8220;repas&#8221; turba. Venuj\u00fa sa mu mal\u00e9 firmy, ktor\u00e9 vymenia iba to, \u010do je nutn\u00e9, napr. osku a zvy\u0161ok nechaj\u00fa v p\u00f4vodnom stave.<\/p>\n<p>Autor: Vladislav Baniari; Video: <a class=\" yt-uix-sessionlink     spf-link  g-hovercard\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCrahbadpS3u-8bPscuffbDQ\" data-ytid=\"UCrahbadpS3u-8bPscuffbDQ\" data-sessionlink=\"ei=nNEeVbSLJ-WwiwbbhoCQCw\" data-name=\"\">MAHLE Aftermarket NA<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V dne\u0161nom svete po\u010dujeme zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n iba: &#8220;pon\u00fakame v\u00e1m n\u00e1\u0161 model auta s jedine\u010dn\u00fdm motorom s turbod\u00fachadlom s n\u00edzkou spotrebou a bla, bla, bla.&#8221; Ale pre\u010do by mala by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ia spotreba v\u010faka turbu? A v\u00f4bec, ako funguje turbo?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,56],"tags":[1129,1233,1225,1237,22,1235,1236,1234,29,1226,1232,58],"class_list":["post-11802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dokumentarne","category-video","tag-atmosfericky","tag-klapky","tag-kompresor","tag-mahle","tag-motor","tag-oprava","tag-servis","tag-turbina","tag-turbo","tag-turboduchadlo","tag-variabilne","tag-video-2"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"de","enabled_languages":["sk","en","de"],"languages":{"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11802"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11806,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11802\/revisions\/11806"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}