{"id":6606,"date":"2014-03-16T08:00:39","date_gmt":"2014-03-16T06:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/?p=6606"},"modified":"2014-03-16T19:42:37","modified_gmt":"2014-03-16T17:42:37","slug":"vyznam-geometrie-v-rozvodovom-mechanizme-cast-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/6606\/vyznam-geometrie-v-rozvodovom-mechanizme-cast-1","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdznam geometrie v rozvodovom mechanizme – \u010das\u0165 1."},"content":{"rendered":"

Hodiny kon\u0161trukt\u00edvnej geometrie nepatria v \u0161kole medzi popul\u00e1rne a mnoho \u0161tudentov tieto hodiny prebdie poh\u013eadom z okna alebo inou aktivitou. Ale, ke\u010f sa dostaneme k stavbe a \u00faprave vysokoot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 osemvalcov\u00e9 spa\u013eovacieho motora spievaj\u00faceho k nebesiam, za\u010dn\u00fa hra\u0165 hlavn\u00fa rolu pravidl\u00e1 a z\u00e1konitosti geometrie.<\/p>\n

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Geometria rozvodov\u00e9ho mechanizmu (skr\u00e1tene rozvodu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Geometria, ktor\u00e1 plat\u00ed v motorovom priestore je trochu odli\u0161n\u00e1 od bezduch\u00fdch a ni\u010d nehovoriacich \u00a0\u010diar na tabuli v triede ale podstata ost\u00e1va rovnak\u00e1. Rozvod v spa\u013eovacom motore m\u00e1 tri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u00falohy: Po prv\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edvod \u010derstvej n\u00e1plne do spa\u013eovacieho priestoru pri spr\u00e1vnom na\u010dasovan\u00ed. Po druh\u00e9 odvod pracovn\u00fdch plynov zo spa\u013eovacieho priestoru vo vhodnom \u010dase a po tretie pr\u00edpravu zmesi, jej pohyb a premie\u0161anie v spa\u013eovacom priestore. Geometria rozvodu ur\u010duj\u00fa spr\u00e1vny chod ventilov, tiahel, vahadiel, zdv\u00edhadiel a va\u010dkov\u00fdch hriade\u013eov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spolu dokonale poskladan\u00e9 a spolupracuj\u00fa s maxim\u00e1lnou efektivitou. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 je dr\u00e1ha obl\u00faku, po ktorom sa pohybuje vahadlo. Spr\u00e1vna geometria a nastavenie rozvodu m\u00f4\u017eu znamena\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, ni\u017e\u0161iu spotrebu paliva a oleja, dlh\u0161iu \u017eivotnos\u0165 rozvodov\u00e9ho mechanizmu.<\/p>\n

\"Anal\u00fdza<\/a>

Anal\u00fdza a \u00faprava geometrie rozvodu je d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161t\u00fadia v odbore kon\u0161truovania spa\u013eovac\u00edch motorov.<\/p><\/div>\n

Prakticky to znamen\u00e1 pri n\u00e1vrhu vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho agreg\u00e1tu je potrebn\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu d\u013a\u017eku rozvodovej ty\u010dky, druh vahadla p\u00f4sobiaceho na driek ventilu, polohu vahadla a zdv\u00edhadla a pod. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom je pou\u017eitie najkompaktnej\u0161ieho usporiadania v\u0161etk\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastok, pri\u010dom priestoru nie je ve\u013ea. Geometria rozvodu patr\u00ed medzi najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie predmety pri \u0161t\u00fadiu kon\u0161trukci\u00ed spa\u013eovac\u00edch motorov.\u00a0Rovnako ako pri kon\u0161truovan\u00ed in\u00fdch \u00a0\u010dast\u00ed motora, je nutn\u00e9 prist\u00fapi\u0165 k rozvodu s dobre premyslen\u00fdm pl\u00e1nom. Star\u00e1 zn\u00e1ma veta najsk\u00f4r mysli potom konaj plat\u00ed aj tu.<\/p>\n

Prv\u00e1 \u00favaha pri stavbe hlavy valcov<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Rozvodov\u00fd mechanizmus je jedna z prv\u00fdch vec\u00ed, s ktorou mus\u00edme po\u010d\u00edta\u0165, pri navrhovan\u00ed kon\u0161trukcii hlavy valcov.” zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje \u0161pecialista na hlavy valcov\u00a0Shawn Hooper z Houstonsk\u00e9ho strediska SAM (School of Automotive Machinists), v ktorom za\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa odborn\u00edkov na kon\u0161trukciu a \u00fapravy spa\u013eovac\u00edch motorov.\u010ealej dop\u013a\u0148a \u010fal\u0161ie \u00favahy “S ak\u00fd druhom rozvodu, spektrom ot\u00e1\u010dok a samozrejme tvarom profilu va\u010dky budeme pracova\u0165.” Pri v\u00fdvoji bloku motora alebo hlavy valcov sa nevyhneme modifik\u00e1ciam ako napr\u00edklad v\u00fdmena va\u010dkov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea s inou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou z\u00e1kladnej kru\u017enice va\u010dky. Tak\u00fdmito krokmi sa men\u00ed geometria rozvodu, na \u010do sa nesmie zab\u00fada\u0165. Nespr\u00e1vnou geometriou rozvodu nesedia presne komponenty a pri prev\u00e1dzke doch\u00e1dza k r\u00e1zom, ktor\u00e9 vyus\u0165uj\u00fa do nadmern\u00e9mu hluku a praskaniu s\u00fa\u010diastok. ” Toto sa deje hlavne, ke\u010f sa preru\u0161\u00ed mechanick\u00fd kontakt medzi ventilom a vahadlom pri vysok\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dkach a zvukom to pripom\u00edna obmedzova\u010d ot\u00e1\u010dok.” hovor\u00ed Hooper. \"DSC_0055\"<\/a>V podstate v\u0161etky s\u00fa\u010dasti rozvodu sa r\u00fdchlo pohybuj\u00fa a medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi komponentmi sa prejavuj\u00fa v\u00f4le. Pri zatv\u00e1ran\u00ed ventilu d\u00f4jde jeho zotrva\u010dnos\u0165ou a tlmiacim efektom pru\u017einy k nechcen\u00e9mu sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu pohybu. \u00a0Ka\u017ed\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010diastka sa sna\u017e\u00ed vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoju funkciu ale nestacion\u00e1rnym chodom a vibr\u00e1ciami sa nar\u00fa\u0161a spr\u00e1vna funk\u010dnos\u0165 mechanizmu. Pre pouli\u010dn\u00fdch a v\u00edkendov\u00fdch \u00a0\u00fapravcov sa \u00fapravy rozvodu ve\u013emi neodli\u0161uj\u00fa od p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho stavu. Desa\u0165ro\u010dia v\u00fdvoja poskytuj\u00fa t\u00fdmto \u00fapravcom siahnu\u0165 po baleniach s\u00fa\u010diastok z predajn\u00ed a t\u00fdm dosiahnu\u0165 r\u00fdchle a relat\u00edvne lacn\u00e9 vylep\u0161enie rozvodov. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161etko zlo\u017e\u00edme dohromady, poriadne dotiahneme skrutky a d\u00fafame, \u017ee to bude fungova\u0165. Neexistuj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 va\u010dkov\u00e9 kity alebo nie\u010do podobn\u00e9, tieto \u00fapravy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa mnoho znalost\u00ed a je potrebn\u00e9 overi\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu jednotliv\u00fdch komponentov v mechanizme, preto\u017ee s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 ve\u013emi v\u0161eobecne.<\/p>\n

\"DSC_0005\"<\/a>Stavite\u013e motora m\u00f4\u017ee na za\u010diatku pou\u017ei\u0165 va\u010dku a ostatn\u00e9 komponenty pon\u00fakan\u00e9 overen\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami, \u010dasto v\u0161etko pracuje ako m\u00e1, ale pre kvalitn\u00e9 nastavenie a overenie spr\u00e1vneho nastavenia je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 znalosti. Mo\u017eno najkritickej\u0161ou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou predpr\u00edpravy\u00a0geometrie rozvodu je dr\u00e1ha pohybu vahadla na hornej \u010dasti ventilu. Naj\u013eah\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob ako to\u00a0skontrolova\u0165 je pribli\u017en\u00e9 nastavenie s\u00fa\u010diastok na motore a tam jednoducho skontrolujeme ak\u00fd rozsah pohybu m\u00e1 vahadlo. Ide o to aby vahadlo nevykon\u00e1valo zbyto\u010dne dlh\u00fa dr\u00e1hu. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 vahadlo tvor\u00ed svoj\u00edm pohybom dr\u00e1hu obl\u00faku a t\u00e1to dr\u00e1ha z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed od polomeru medzi stredom a koncom vahadla, pri\u010dom nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na druhu vahadla. \u00a0Vahadlo je ulo\u017een\u00e9 na podstavci a \u010d\u00edm je dlh\u0161ie vahadlo t\u00fdm je obl\u00fak \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. ” Nechceme aby v \u010dase kedy m\u00e1 by\u0165 ventil otvoren\u00fd vykon\u00e1val nejak\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie pohyby ” dod\u00e1va Hooper. Ak p\u00f4sobenie vahadla na ventil nie je spr\u00e1vne skoordinovan\u00e9 d\u00f4jde k chybn\u00e9mu na\u010dasovaniu zdvihu. \u00a0Na overenie spr\u00e1vneho nastavenia pohybu vahadla sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy. Niektor\u00ed kon\u0161trukt\u00e9ri d\u00e1vaj\u00fa prednos\u0165 nesymetrick\u00fdm v\u00e1hadlam, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa os ot\u00e1\u010dania posunut\u00fa bli\u017e\u0161ie k v\u00fdfukovej strane a t\u00fdm je dr\u00e1ha obl\u00faku vahadla nad ventilom u\u017e\u0161ia. \u0160\u00edrka dr\u00e1hy nie je tak podstatn\u00e1 ako umiestnenie osi ot\u00e1\u010dania vahadla, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje za\u0165a\u017eenie na driek ventilu. \u00a0Ak je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 geometria nastaven\u00e1 spr\u00e1vne m\u00f4\u017eme sa zamera\u0165 na \u010fal\u0161ie komponenty a ich nastavenia. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie komponenty, ktor\u00fdm budeme venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 s\u00fa ventilov\u00e9 pru\u017einy a ich vplyv na chod ventilu ale to u\u017e rozoberieme v \u010fal\u0161ej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n

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Autor: Maro\u0161 Uhrin \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Zdroj:\u00a0enginelabs.com \u00a0 Foto: Audi,\u00a0enginelabs.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hodiny kon\u0161trukt\u00edvnej geometrie nepatria v \u0161kole medzi popul\u00e1rne a mnoho \u0161tudentov tieto hodiny prebdie poh\u013eadom z okna alebo inou aktivitou. Ale, ke\u010f sa dostaneme k stavbe a \u00faprave vysokoot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 osemvalcov\u00e9 spa\u013eovacieho motora spievaj\u00faceho k nebesiam, za\u010dn\u00fa hra\u0165 hlavn\u00fa rolu pravidl\u00e1 a z\u00e1konitosti geometrie.       Geometria rozvodov\u00e9ho mechanizmu (skr\u00e1tene rozvodu) Geometria, ktor\u00e1 plat\u00ed v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[621,620,622],"class_list":["post-6606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dokumentarne","category-zaujimave","tag-geometria","tag-rozvod","tag-upravy"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"de","enabled_languages":["sk","en","de"],"languages":{"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6606"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6826,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6606\/revisions\/6826"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}