{"id":9262,"date":"2014-10-16T19:59:30","date_gmt":"2014-10-16T17:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/?p=9262"},"modified":"2014-10-28T17:33:26","modified_gmt":"2014-10-28T15:33:26","slug":"elektrony-ako-ich-nepoznate-cast-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/9262\/elektrony-ako-ich-nepoznate-cast-1","title":{"rendered":"Elektr\u00f3ny ako ich nepozn\u00e1te \/\u010das\u0165 1."},"content":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00fd si pod n\u00e1zvom elektr\u00f3ny predstav\u00ed kr\u00e1sne nale\u0161ten\u00e9 disky kolies na drah\u00fdch automobiloch. Kto ale dal disku n\u00e1zov elektr\u00f3n a\u00a0\u010do to m\u00e1 s\u00a0elektrotechnikou?
\nElektr\u00f3n je element\u00e1rna \u010dastica v\u00a0obale at\u00f3mu s\u00a0jednotkov\u00fdm z\u00e1porn\u00fdm n\u00e1bojom. To\u013eko z\u00a0elektrotechniky a\u00a0ch\u00e9mie a\u00a0celkovo fyziky. No st\u00e1le to nesed\u00ed. Nebude to n\u00e1hodou nie\u010do in\u00e9?<\/p>\n

Elektr\u00f3n je aj obchodn\u00fd n\u00e1zov pre zliatinu. Zliatina je na 90% z\u00a0hor\u010d\u00edka a\u00a0maxim\u00e1lne na 10% z\u00a0hlin\u00edka, pr\u00edpadne nejak\u00e9 pr\u00edmesi ako zinok a\u00a0mang\u00e1n. To m\u00e1 u\u017e viacej spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00a0diskami kolies. Tak\u017ee pokra\u010dujeme.
\nElektr\u00f3n sa pou\u017e\u00edval v\u00a0minulosti v\u00a0stroj\u00e1rstve ako materi\u00e1l pre presn\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 liatie. Japonsk\u00e9 cis\u00e1rske n\u00e1morn\u00edctvo ho po\u010das druhej svetovej vojny pou\u017e\u00edvalo ako pr\u00edmes do z\u00e1paln\u00fdch gran\u00e1tov. V\u00a0gran\u00e1toch mal v\u0161ak aj nie\u010do z\u00a0medi a\u00a0krem\u00edku \u2013 nepodstatn\u00e9, ideme \u010falej.<\/p>\n

\"c0215621_20521910\"<\/a><\/p>\n

*Pozn.: Zliatiny Mg-Al-Zn <\/em>obsahuj\u00fa do 12 % Al, ~ 3 % Zn a ~ 0,5 % Mn. S\u00fa to najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161ie zlievarensk\u00e9 zliatiny hor\u010d\u00edka, pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 a\u017e do teploty 150 o<\/sup>C. V\u0161etky ob\u00adsahuj\u00fa pr\u00edsadu mang\u00e1nu, zlep\u0161uj\u00facu odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii. Naj\u00ad\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 zlievarensk\u00e1 zliatina, vhodn\u00e1 pre liatie do piesku aj do kok\u00edl m\u00e1 zlo\u017eenie: 9 % Al; 2 % Zn a 0,2 % Mn. Po vytvrden\u00ed dosahuje pevnos\u0165 v \u0165ahu 270 MPa, \u0165a\u017enos\u0165 3 %. Tie\u017e zliatiny s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahom hlin\u00edka (2 a\u017e 6 %) s pr\u00edsadou Ni sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. V stave po odliat\u00ed maj\u00fa Rm<\/sub> 140 a\u017e 200 MPa, \u0165a\u017e\u00adnos\u0165 5 a\u017e 10 %. Vytvrden\u00edm sa ich vlastnosti e\u0161te \u010falej zlep\u0161uj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roku 1908 nemeck\u00e1 firma Griesheim-Elektron z Frankfurtu vyvinula zliatinu s\u00a0vysokou pevnos\u0165ou, schopnou nepodlieha\u0165 kor\u00f3zii a\u00a0n\u00edzkou hustotou (a teda aj hmotnos\u0165ou). Nazvali ju (mo\u017eno pod\u013ea seba) elektron (\u010d\u00edtajte s\u00a0nemeck\u00fdm pr\u00edzvukom). V\u010faka vlastnostiam bol predur\u010den\u00fd do leteck\u00e9ho a\u00a0automobilov\u00e9ho priemyslu. Nam\u00e1han\u00e9 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010diastky mali teraz zelen\u00fa a\u00a0tak sa za\u010dali odlieva\u0165 kostry leteck\u00fdch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch prij\u00edma\u010dov, \u010dasti motorov a\u00a0aj s\u00fa\u010diastky optick\u00fdch pr\u00edstrojov (v tej dobe to ch\u00e1pte ako \u0161t\u00e1tnu z\u00e1kazku a\u00a0v\u00fdrobky pre vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely).<\/p>\n

\"dokument_bild_griesheim_5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nev\u00fdhodou elektr\u00f3nu bola vysok\u00e1 hor\u013eavos\u0165 strusky (odpad pri zlievan\u00ed, nie\u010do ako zrnk\u00e1 Tureckej k\u00e1vy). Samotn\u00e1 struska vyv\u00edjala obrovsk\u00fa teplotu (cca 2200\u00b0C). Na ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky sa teda pou\u017e\u00edval a\u00a0aj viacej pou\u017e\u00edva dural, termit a\u00a0pod.<\/p>\n

\"struska_vylevani\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Prirodzene technol\u00f3gie a\u00a0aj samotn\u00fd materi\u00e1l post\u00fapili. To \u010do sa dnes prid\u00e1va do elektr\u00f3nu v\u00e1m firmy len tak neprezradia a\u00a0ani za ak\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t a\u00a0pod ak\u00fdm tlakom sa s\u00a0t\u00fdmto materi\u00e1lom pracuje.<\/p>\n

Netrvalo v\u0161ak dlho (iba pribli\u017ene 80 rokov) a\u00a0od vzniku materi\u00e1lu boli z neho odlievan\u00e9 prv\u00e9 kusy diskov r\u00f4znych tvarov do s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00fdch \u00e1ut. S\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9 aut\u00e1 boli \u013eah\u0161ie, mali pevnej\u0161ie koles\u00e1, lep\u0161ie chladenie b\u0155zd a\u00a0preto sa smelo s\u00a0elektr\u00f3nom pokra\u010dova\u0165. V\u00a021. storo\u010d\u00ed tak vid\u00edme u\u017e na takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdch nov\u00fdch aut\u00e1ch liate disky z\u00a0elektr\u00f3nu a\u00a0vol\u00e1me ich \u013eudovo elektr\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n

\"odliatok<\/a> \"casting3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hromadne, teda s\u00e9riovo dostupn\u00e9 elektr\u00f3ny s\u00fa vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 nie vo ve\u013ekom, ale v\u00a0obrovskom mno\u017estve (ka\u017ed\u00e9 auto potrebuje 4 rovnak\u00e9 kusy a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee sme leniv\u00ed \u013eudia, tak si na \u010fal\u0161ie 4 elektr\u00f3ny nahod\u00edme zimn\u00e9 pneumatiky). Materi\u00e1l sa pripravuje vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch zlievar\u0148ach v\u00a0n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch a\u00a0potom sa lieva do foriem.
\nOdliatok m\u00e1 ale mnoho ch\u00fdb kr\u00e1sy a\u00a0mus\u00ed sa e\u0161te opracova\u0165 na r\u00f4znych strojoch, ktor\u00e9 odoberaj\u00fa triesku (napr. s\u00fastruh, fr\u00e9zova\u010dka), mus\u00ed sa e\u0161te zale\u0161ti\u0165, nastrieka\u0165 a\u00a0pod.<\/p>\n

\"0<\/a><\/p>\n

Nie v\u017edy je ale potrebn\u00e9, alebo chcen\u00e9 vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 elektr\u00f3ny z\u00a0elektr\u00f3nu a\u00a0ve\u013ekos\u00e9riovo. O\u00a0tom u\u017e ale v\u00a0druhej \u010dasti \u010dl\u00e1nku Elektr\u00f3ny ako ich nepozn\u00e1te.<\/p>\n

Autor: Vladislav Baniari; Zdroj: historick\u00e9 spisy, \u0161t\u00fadium na Strojn\u00edckej fakulte \u017dilinskej univerzity v\u00a0\u017diline; Odborn\u00fd dozor a rady: Ing. Juraj Belan, PhD.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00fd si pod n\u00e1zvom elektr\u00f3ny predstav\u00ed kr\u00e1sne nale\u0161ten\u00e9 disky kolies na drah\u00fdch automobiloch. Kto ale dal disku n\u00e1zov elektr\u00f3n a\u00a0\u010do to m\u00e1 s\u00a0elektrotechnikou?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9269,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[840,837,838,839],"class_list":["post-9262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dokumentarne","tag-disky","tag-elektron","tag-elektrony","tag-kolesa"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"de","enabled_languages":["sk","en","de"],"languages":{"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9262"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9404,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9262\/revisions\/9404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}