{"id":9077,"date":"2014-09-25T09:40:37","date_gmt":"2014-09-25T07:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/?p=9077"},"modified":"2016-02-07T15:09:36","modified_gmt":"2016-02-07T13:09:36","slug":"zivotnost-daj-sa-vypchat-su-tu-keramicke-loziska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/9077\/zivotnost-daj-sa-vypchat-su-tu-keramicke-loziska","title":{"rendered":"\u017divotnos\u0165?! Daj sa vypcha\u0165! S\u00fa tu keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neprekonate\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdkon a z\u00e1vratn\u00e1 cena, aj to s\u00fa keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1. Oce\u013eov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 pre ne ani nie s\u00fa konkurencia. Keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa ale objavili u\u017e vo v\u0161etkom od drah\u00fdch (t\u00fa sumu si ani neviete predstavi\u0165) motorov Formule 1 a\u017e po kolieska na skateboardoch. Stoja za vysok\u00e9 vstupn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady? Jednozna\u010dne \u00e1no. Jedn\u00fdm z priekopn\u00edkov technol\u00f3gie keramick\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v automobilov\u00fdch pretekoch je firma Performance Bearing a jej zakladate\u013e, Jack Wilson. P\u00e1n Wilson je uzavret\u00fd v trojuholn\u00edku: pretek\u00e1r-veter\u00e1n, kon\u0161trukt\u00e9r a nakoniec s\u00fastru\u017en\u00edk-fr\u00e9zar. Roky str\u00e1vil rozv\u00edjan\u00edm nov\u00fdch n\u00e1padov t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa priamo trenia lo\u017e\u00edsk.<\/p>\n

*Pozn.: valiv\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 (gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9, ihli\u010dkov\u00e9, s\u00fadkov\u00e9, at\u010f.) maj\u00fa radi rozbehy a dobehy, ale nezn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa dlhodobo vysok\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky; klzn\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 (r\u00f4zne panvy naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vo vn\u00fatri motorov \u00e1ut) sa te\u0161ia z vysok\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dok, ale neznes\u00fa rozbehy a dobehy.<\/address>\n

To \u010do sa v minulosti, pri zalo\u017een\u00ed spolo\u010dnosti v roku 2002 zdalo iba ako tr\u00e1penie, dnes pom\u00e1ha pretek\u00e1rom zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch k\u00fatov sveta, aut\u00e1, motorky, motok\u00e1ry a dokonca aj priemyseln\u00e9 stroje.<\/p>\n

Keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisko 101<\/h3>\n

Nie v\u017edy je potrebn\u00e9 v\u0161etko vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 iba z najdrah\u0161\u00edch a najlep\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov, t\u00fdm sa stroj predimenzuje, \u010do poc\u00edtite v pe\u0148a\u017eenke. V automobilovom priemysle je preto takzvan\u00e9 hybridn\u00e9 lo\u017eisko. \u0160\u00e1lky lo\u017eiska (dr\u00e1hy v ktor\u00fdch sa valiv\u00e9 telieska pohybuj\u00fa) s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z ocele ako pri \u0161tandardn\u00fdch lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch. Zo samotnej keramiky s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 valiv\u00e9 telieska (gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky, ihli\u010dky, at\u010f.). V pr\u00edpade keramick\u00e9ho lo\u017eiska 101 s\u00fa \u0161\u00e1lky z chr\u00f3movej ocele 52100 a gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky z pevnej krem\u00edkovonitridovej keramiky. \"resistance-ceramic-bearing-technology-101\"<\/a> Tak\u00e9to aj ke\u010f \u201eiba\u201c hybridn\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017eu zase vo\u010di in\u00fdm form\u00e1m keram\u00edk zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 r\u00e1zy. Krem\u00edkovonitridov\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky s\u00fa tvrd\u0161ie, viac teplote a kor\u00f3zii odolnej\u0161ie a \u013eah\u0161ie ako oce\u013eov\u00e9. Kto tomu never\u00ed, nemal by veri\u0165 ani NASA, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve od nich tento materi\u00e1l pri\u0161iel. Dnes to privil\u00e9gium pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tak\u00e9to materi\u00e1ly bud\u00facnosti nem\u00e1 iba NASA. Dnes tak\u00e9to lo\u017eisk\u00e1 n\u00e1jdete v pretek\u00e1rskych aut\u00e1ch v predn\u00fdch, zadn\u00fdch n\u00e1prav\u00e1ch, prevodovk\u00e1ch a diferenci\u00e1loch. M\u00f4\u017eete to vyu\u017ei\u0165 ale na miesto ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek lo\u017eiska, je to iba ot\u00e1zka pe\u0148az\u00ed, v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhody keramiky<\/h3>\n
\n

Tuhos\u0165 je, povedan\u00e9 jedn\u00fdm slovom, fenomen\u00e1lna.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

So v\u0161etk\u00fdm je to o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch. U keramiky v\u0161ak stoj\u00ed na strane nev\u00fdhod cena a t\u00fdm tento zoznam kon\u010d\u00ed a za\u010d\u00edna sa zoznam v\u00fdhod, ktor\u00fd je dlh\u00fd. Postupne si to rozoberieme. \"resistance-ceramic-bearing-technology-10114\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1. Keramika je omnoho \u013eah\u0161ia ako oce\u013e. Hovor\u00edme o 50-75% rozdiele hmotnosti. To zni\u017euje rota\u010dn\u00e9 a zotrva\u010dn\u00e9 sily ktor\u00e9 sa celkom vedia nabali\u0165 z cel\u00e9ho auta. Lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s\u00fa predsa v koles\u00e1ch, motore, prevodke, a kope in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed automobilu\/motocykla.<\/p>\n

2. Tuhos\u0165 je,\u00a0povedan\u00e9 jedn\u00fdm slovom, fenomen\u00e1lna. P\u00e1n Wilson sa pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi spojil s Bobom Panellom (za ml\u00e1kou ve\u013emi uzn\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r pretek\u00e1rskych motorov) a zapracovali spolu na keramickej gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dke, takej, \u010do zni\u010d\u00ed bet\u00f3n bez svojej deform\u00e1cie. Tak\u00e9to vysvetlenie ale nikomu sta\u010di\u0165 nebude, nie sme predsa ohromen\u00ed, zatia\u013e. Pokus, ktor\u00fd dokazuje pevnos\u0165 keramickej gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky pozost\u00e1val z porovnania deform\u00e1cie na lise. Prv\u00e1, oce\u013eov\u00e1 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dka sa za\u010dala (nen\u00e1vratne) deformova\u0165 u\u017e pri sile dvoch ton od lisu. Rovnako ve\u013ek\u00e1 keramick\u00e1 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dka bola za\u0165a\u017eovan\u00e1 a\u017e silou 20 ton, potom povolil pracovn\u00fd st\u00f4l a gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dka bola do neho zatla\u010den\u00e1. Samozrejme tak\u00fato tuhos\u0165 nem\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd tvar, napr\u00edklad dlh\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 ihlice sa doslova rozpr\u00e1\u0161ia pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. Odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdborn\u00fdm aspektom keramiky. Oce\u013eov\u00e1 g. za\u010dala meni\u0165 svoju \u0161trukt\u00faru u\u017e pri 400\u00b0C, pri\u010dom keramick\u00e1 g. veselo fungovala aj pri teplot\u00e1ch nad 2.000\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

4. Najpodstatnej\u0161\u00edm atrib\u00fatom je ale trenie. V porovnan\u00ed s hociktorou oce\u013eou je to o 9\/10 menej. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee raz rozto\u010den\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisko sa to\u010d\u00ed cel\u00fd de\u0148.<\/p>\n

Ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00edzke trenie?<\/h3>\n

V prvom rade keramick\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky nekoroduj\u00fa a nem\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ku \u0161\u00e1lkam ani studeno zvaren\u00e9. Preto nie je potrebn\u00fd ani olej, ani mazac\u00ed tuk ktor\u00e9 by zni\u017eovali trenie medzi \u0161\u00e1lkami a gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkami a aby hlavne zabezpe\u010dili ochranu vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii. \u010ealej materi\u00e1l SI3N4, teda krem\u00edkov\u00fd nitrid je chemick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina krem\u00edku a dus\u00edka s vysok\u00fdm bodom tavenia a tento materi\u00e1l je chemicky nereaguj\u00faci. Si3N4 sa pou\u017e\u00edva aj v pr\u00edpade hybridn\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk a aj v pr\u00edpade celokeramick\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk. Okrem toho s\u00fa (ako u\u017e vieme) vhodn\u00e9 pre vysok\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenia, obvodov\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti, obrovsk\u00e9 teploty a aj kde je vysok\u00e9 riziko vzniku kor\u00f3zie, do elektrick\u00fdch a magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed. Vznik materi\u00e1lu je v\u0161ak zap\u00edsan\u00fd v roku 1972 a do s\u00e9riovej v\u00fdroby sa dostal v roku 1990 – a kde je doteraz, pre\u010do ho nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa automobilky be\u017ene aspo\u0148 v \u0161portov\u00fdch aut\u00e1ch?<\/p>\n

*Pozn.: studen\u00fd zvar vznik\u00e1 tren\u00edm kovov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch pod ve\u013ek\u00fdm tlakom.<\/address>\n
\"resistance-ceramic-bearing-technology-10112\"<\/a><\/address>\n

Pre zvedavcov u\u017e len ud\u00e1m cenu be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9ho lo\u017eiska 6305 (vn\u00fatorn\u00fd priemer 25mm, vonkaj\u0161\u00ed priemer 65mm a \u0161\u00edrka 17mm). Celooce\u013eov\u00e9 je za cca 4\u20ac a hybridn\u00e9 (teda gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky z keramiky a \u0161\u00e1lky z ocele) za 129$.<\/p>\n

Autor: Vladislav Baniari; Zdroj+foto: lsxtv.com<\/p>\n

\"resistance-ceramic-bearing-technology-1017\"<\/a> \"resistance-ceramic-bearing-technology-10110\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neprekonate\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdkon a z\u00e1vratn\u00e1 cena, aj to s\u00fa keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1. Oce\u013eov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 pre ne ani nie s\u00fa konkurencia. Keramick\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa ale objavili u\u017e vo v\u0161etkom od drah\u00fdch (t\u00fa sumu si ani neviete predstavi\u0165) motorov Formule 1 a\u017e po kolieska na skateboardoch. Stoja za vysok\u00e9 vstupn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady? Jednozna\u010dne \u00e1no.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[815,814,816,817],"class_list":["post-9077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dokumentarne","tag-keramika","tag-loziska","tag-si3n4","tag-zivotnost"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"en","enabled_languages":["sk","en","de"],"languages":{"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9077"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9077\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9086,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9077\/revisions\/9086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mixmotor.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}